EconAir

  INTRODUCTION   Japan gets special consideration because it is further along the declining population curve than any other large country. It has the oldest population (highest average age) in the world. It has one of the world's lowest birth rates. Unless there are major changes in healthcare technology, immigration, public policy, and birth rates, most industrialized countries will follow Japan down the path of declining and aging populations, and smaller labor forces. Japan's birth rate is about half the replacement rate. This has continued since 1974. The country's population has fallen by 3 million people in the last five years, to 123 million in 2025.  Japan’s population peaked in 2008 at 128 million and is projected to fall to 87 million by 2070. The country is now roughly the same size it was in 1989. There are two deaths for every birth. By 2100, Japan’s population will decline by about 50%. Over 40% of the country’s population will be over 65 years old. The...

Jakarta - 30 million people and sinking GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHICS Demographics, the study of the size and composition of population, will shape national and global economic growth and economic policy.   The period from 1950 to 2000 was highly unusual. The American “baby boom” started, temporarily reversing the long-term decline in birth rates.  Not just the United States but the global population experienced high birthrates and high population growth rates. In the middle of this period, partly due to more effective and more available birth control, birth rates began a rapid decline. The growth rate in world population began to fall. At the same time, much of the world’s population experienced rising standards of living. One consequence was longer life expectancies and rising average ages in industialized countries.   Countries with over a third of the world’s population and most of the world’s output now have birth rates below repla...