EconAir

Vienna's Ringstrasse Introduction Most of history has been the story of the struggle for power. Conflicts, wars, conquests, and civil wars among the political and warrior elites. Peasants who worked the fields for the landowning elites and paid taxes to the political elite, did not count for very much in this story. This narrative began to change with the coming of the American Revolution, the French Revolution, and the Industrial Revolution. New sources of wealth and power were created. The spread of literacy, the expansion of the franchise (right to vote),  and the formation of political parties representing the new middle class and industrial workers in the 1900s, began to challenge the political dominance of king, the governments they appointed, and the landowning aristocracy that supported the status quo. This happened in Russia, Germany, and Austria-Hungary. In England, royalty had already lost most of its political power, and new laws passed by new political par

  AGING POPULATION, LABOR FORCE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH The U.S. birth rate is not only below replacement but it is the lowest since records began in 1909. The United States’ population is expected to increase about 10% (30 million people) over the next 10 years; this assumes the recent levels of immigration that are higher than the reduced levels announced by President Trump. Some statistics on the aging of the U.S. population:   .     According to the Census Bureau, by 2030, the number of Americans age 65 and older will have increased by 20 million.    .     At that point, one in five Americans will be 65 or older, which is up from less than one in 10 in 1960.    .     By 2060, the Population Reference Bureau expects the number of Americans 65 and older to more than double from 46 million today to over 98 million.    .     In less than two decades, older adults are set to outnumber kids (under 18) for the first time in US history.      All of the population increase in 10 or 20 years wil

Jakarta - 30 million people and sinking INTRODUCTION Since the beginning of the Agricultural Revolution about 10,000 years ago, demographics meant high birth rates, high infant mortality rates and high death rates. Until the Industrial Revolution, starting in the late 1700s. At first, death rates fell faster than birth rates. Then better public health and health care reduced mortality rates from infection, epidemics and diseases. Then a combination of more effective birth control and social and economic change reduced birth rates.  During these transition periods, average life expectancies increased. After World War II, the global population exploded: 1900 – Appoximately 1.6 billion people 1950 – 2.6 billion 2000 – 6.1 billion 2020 – 7.8 billion The industrialized parts of the world now have low birth rates – mostly below replacement – and low death rates. Birth rates are also falling in much of the rest of the world.  GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHICS